[Polity] The Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992 (States local bodies)

Statement of Objects and Reasons appended to the Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Bill, 1991 which was enacted as the Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992.

[Polity] The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992 (Panchayati Raj Institutions)

Statement of Objects and Reasons appended to the Constitution (Seventy-second Amendment) Bill, 1991 which was enacted as the Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992.

[Polity] Amendment Process under Indian Constitution

The procedure of amendment makes the Constitution of India neither totally rigid nor totally flexible, rather a curious mixture of both. Some provisions can be easily changed and for some others, special

[Polity] Punchhi Commission Recommendations in Brief

The Punchhi Commission on Centre – State relation was constituted on April 28, 2007 by the UPA government, under the chairmanship of former Chief Justice of India Justice Madan Mohan Punchhi,

[Polity] National Judicial Appointments Commission

The National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill, 2014 (NJAC Bill) that seeks to replace the present collegium system of  choosing judges, was passed by the Lok Sabha on August 13, 2014 and

[Polity] All Amendments in Indian Constitution Useful for UPSC Exams

Amendments are very frequently asked in Civil Services Exam by UPSC and other Exams :

Amendments	Date of Enforcement	Objectives
1st amendment	June 18, 1951	To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws.

[Polity] Important Parliamentary Terms

(1) “Act“–

• A Bill passed by both  Houses of Parliament and assented to by the President.

[Polity] The Union (Articles 52-78 & Article 123)

The essence of the parliamentary type of government is that the head of the State is the constitutional head and the real executive powers are vested in the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister is the

[Polity] Public Interest Litigation (PIL) : Way to Justice

Introduction
The development of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the country has very recently uncovered its own pitfalls and drawbacks. The genuine causes and cases of public interest have in fact receded to

[Polity] The Union Executive : The President of India [Part -1]

Union Executive 

• India is a democratic republic with a parliamentary form of government. The government  at the Central level is called ‘Union Government’ and at the State level it is known as ‘State

[Polity] Superior Position of Centre in Legislative Relations between Union and States

The Constitution in its Part XI lays down the Legislative Relations between the Union and the States. It lays down a division of legislative powers between the two. While doing so, it does not follow the

[Polity] Important Parliamentary Term as used in Indian Parliament

1. Question Hour:

During the parliamentary session, the day's business normally begins with the question hour. The Ministers reply to the questions raised by the members of the Parliament.

[Polity] Constitution: Meaning, Types and Importance of Constitution

Constitution is the supreme law of each State. It lays down rules regarding the organisation, powers and functions of government. It also defines the basic features of the State and the relation between the citizens and the State.

[Polity] Brief Notes on Five Types of Liberty

1. Natural Liberty:

• It is the liberty which men enjoyed in the imaginary 'state of nature' when civil society did not exist. It is generally identified with unlimited and unrestricted freedom. Rousseau was the chief

[Polity] What are the main functions of the Judiciary?

Administration of justice is the primary function of the judiciary. However, the judiciary performs

[Polity] Short Questions and Answers on Constitution of India

1. What do you mean by Institutions?

For the performance of its various functions, several arrangements are made in the country. These

[Governance] Administrative Relations between the Centre and States in India

• In the sphere of administrative relations also the Constitution shows a distinct leaning in favour of the Union. It provides for a dual polity. Each State has its own government and administration which exercises administrative powers in respect of the subjects

[Polity] Important Features of Indian Party System

Some of the most important features of Indian party system are as follows:

1. A Multi-party System:

As a land of social and cultural pluralism, India has been a natural home for a multi-party system.

[Polity] Courts System of India

Courts of India comprise the Supreme Court of India, High Courts, District Court, Sessions Courts and several other courts. The Indian law system is discussed in details in Part V, Chapter IV of the Indian Constitution. The Supreme Court of India is the highest authority of justice in the country while there are numerable Nyaya Panchayats at the bottom.

[Polity] Fundamental Rights of Indian Constitution

Fundamental Rights are essential human rights that are offered to every citizen irrespective of caste, race, creed, place of birth, religion or gender. These are equal to freedoms and these rights are essential for personal good and the society at large.