[Women Empowerment] Role of Women in India’s Freedom Struggle

Introduction

The history of Indian Struggle would be incomplete without mentioning the contributions of women. The Sacrifice made by the women of India will occupy the foremost place. They fought with true spirit and unafraid courage and faced various tortures, exploitations, and hardships to earn us

[Modern History] Reason of Revolt of 1857, Act of 1858 and Act of 1861 (Some Important Provisions)

Reason of Revolt of 1857  = Suppression & exploitation in every aspect 

(1) Turning point after revolt of 1857 = i) end of the rule of raja maharajas (traditional leadership in India). E.g. either they were defeated like Rani Laksmi Bai of Jhansi or surrendered.

(2)Educated Middle class(EMC) – Remained aloof from this revolt. Why ? = Bcoz they had faith in Indian constitution & also they did not want to stop the stream of Moderanization, which had started

[Modern History] Marathas (Peshwas) : One of 8 ministers (Aastpradhan)

Marathas(Peshwas) Peshwas (One of 8 ministers (Aastpradhan)) :

18^th centaury age was   the age of supremacy for Marathas this was facilitated by decline of Mughals. Post of Peshwas was initially as the Keeper of Records ".

All Peshwas were Brahmin & during 18^th centaury they became the real rulers of Maratha State as Reflected by Sangola Agreement of 1750 by which the Peshwas got civil & military powers in an

[Modern History] British Annexation : CARNATIC WARS, BENGAL CONQUEST, MYSORE CONQUEST, MARATHA CONQUEST, PUNJAB CONQUEST, ANGLO-BURMESE WAR, ANGLO-AFGAN WAR

ASCENDANCY  OF  THE  BRITISH

CARNATIC WARS

1^st CARNATIC WAR:

v    PERIOD: 1746-1748

v    Between French and (British + Nawab of Arcot)

v    REASONS:

   1.Colonial competition between French and British.

[Modern Indian History] Nationalism in India Notes

The Nationalist Movement of India

In India, the rise of nationalism was intricately linked with the opposition of colonialism. The revolt or Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 was the first war of Indian independence.

People realised that they were experiencing a common suffering under the oppressive British colonial rule. This understanding brought the different groups together in their anti-colonial struggle.

The event which proved instrumental in the history of the Indian Freedom Struggle was the First

[Modern History] Mahatma Gandhi and his thoughts & Philosophy

CHRONOLOGIAL OVERVIEW :
1869 
October 2, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi born at Probandar

[Modern History] Makers of the Modern India - Freedom Fighters of Indian Freedom Movement

Gopal Ganesh Agarkar (1856-1895)

• He was one of the founders of the Deccan Education Society (24 October 1884) and the Fergusson

[Modern History] Modern India (Part -7) : The Regulating Act passed by the British Parliament - 1773

Regulating Act

By 1773 the East India Company was in dire financial straits. The Company was important to Britain because it was a monopoly trading company in India and in the east and many influential people were

[Modern History] Modern India (Part -6) : Death of Madhava Rao Peshwa; Warren Hastings appointed as Governor of Bengal 1772

Warren Hastings

• Hastings, Warren (1732-1818) Governor (1772-1774) and Governor General (1774-1785) of the fort william in Bengal. Warren Hastings abandoned the policy of hesitation of his predecessors

[Modern History] Modern India (Part -5) : First Mysore War - The British conclude a humiliating peace pact with Hyder Ali 1767 -1769

The First Battle of Mysore :

• The second half of the eighteenth century was a period of great confusion in Indian history which witnessed the rise of a colonial power. The only state which offered stiff resistance to

[Modern History] Modern India (Part -4) : The British get Diwani Rights in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa ; Conquest of Orissa : 1765

Battle of Buxar

Battle of Buxar, was a decisive battle fought between British and Indian forces at Buxar, a town on the Ganges River. Mir Kasim, the nawab (governor) of Bengal, wanted to rid his territory of British

[Modern History] Modern India (Part -3) : Battle of Buxar - The British defeat Mir Kasim 1764

• The company sent in relief troops from Fort St. George of the Madras headquarters. The troops led by Robert Clive and Admiral Watson retook Calcutta on 2nd January, 1757. The treaty of Alinagar was signed between the Nawab and the Company.

[Modern History] Modern India (Part -2) : Third battle of Panipat 1761

Prelude to Panipat 

• The Mughal Empire of north-western India had been in decline for some time after Ahmad Shah's first attacks against them in 1749, eventually culminating in his sacking of Delhi in 1757. He left them in nominial control however, which proved to be a fateful mistake when his son,

[Modern History] Modern India (Part -1) Battle of Wandiwash: The British defeat the French - 1760

French defeated in Battle of Wandiwash :

English and French had their companies in India. Madras and Pondicherry were the chief trading centres for the English whereas the French centre was on the Coromandel Coast. The relations between both the companies were uncertain.

[Modern History] Modern India an Introduction

Vasco da Gama when landed at Calicut, sailing via the Cape of Good Hope in 1498, marked the beginning of the European era in Indian history. The Portuguese by the 16th Century had already established their colony in Goa.

[Polity] Historical Background of Indian Constitution

Before 1947, India was divided into two main entities – The British India which consisted of 11 provinces and the Princely states ruled by Indian princes under subsidiary alliance policy. The two entities merged together to form the Indian Union, but many of the legacy systems in British India is followed even now. The historical underpinnings and evolution of the India Constitution can be traced to many regulations and acts passed before Indian Independence.

[History] Constitutional Reforms in British India

Regulating Act, 1773:

• End of Dual govt.
• Governor of Bengal to be the Governor – General of British territories of India.
• Establishment of Supreme Court in Calcutta.
• Court of directors to be elected for 4 years
• Number of Directors fixed at 24, 1/4th retiring every year.
• In Bengal, collegiate govt was created with Governor General and 4 members of the council and were named in the act:- GG -> Warren Hastings and 4 members -> Philip Francis, Clavering, Monson, and Barwell.